Description of PathoPlant®
 
Pathogen recognition and signal transduction is essential for plants to induce a variety of defense responses like hypersensitive reaction, oxidative burst or systemic acquired resistance. The amount of information on signal transduction mechanisms during plant-pathogen interactions has accumulated tremendously. To facilitate easy access to published data and to permit comparative studies of different pathogen response pathways, a database is indispensable to give a broad overview of the components and interactions so far known.
PathoPlant® has been developed as a relational database for annotation of all identified signal transduction mechanisms during plant-pathogen interactions. PathoPlant®'s source of information are publications from which data is not only extracted but also validated by a scoring system based on the experimental procedure employed. PathoPlant® contains main tables for plants, pathogens, and molecules. These tables are linked with each other and with additional tables defining the type of interaction or reaction. All relevant components in signal transduction like elicitors, proteins, peptides or second messengers are organized in the table for molecules where they are functionally classified. The reactions and interactions that molecules are involved in are annotated and validated in the table for reactions and linked to the respective molecules. Additional information about the subcellular compartment, organ or developmental stage is given in a location table. Furthermore, the involved plants and pathogens and the resulting diseases are listed and linked to the corresponding reactions. Gene expression data from Arabidopsis thaliana microarray experiments have been incorporated into PathoPlant®. This enables to search for specific genes regulated upon pathogen infection or elicitor treatment. All tables are linked to references and to external databases for additional information to provide a comprehensive tool for the research community.

The partial E/R-Diagram gives an overview about the main tables and their relations.


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Search for records in the database
Plant, pathogen, molecule and interaction database records can be searched through their individual search pages accessible through the respective left-hand Search submenu. This can be done either by a quick search by name which considers the name, common name and synonym fields of the records, or by an advanced search with free choice of 3 search fields and selection of the Boolean operator.
By leaving the search fields blank, all database records are displayed.
Results list
Search results are displayed in a results list. Detailed information on a record is displayed by clicking on the Accession No. of the record. A subsequent return to the results list is possible by pressing the Browser's Back button.
Depending on the number of search results, this list may be split into several pages that can be displayed by clicking on the arrows indicating next or previous. The number of results displayed per page can be adjusted.
By default, only main attributes of the records are displayed. This can be changed by clicking the button to show all attributes.
A search within the listed records enables easy combination of the previous search with a new search term. This feature can also be used to extend the advanced search when more than 3 search fields are needed.
The order of the records displayed in the results list can be changed by clicking on the headers of the table.
Detailed record information
The detailed information pages contain all information stored in the database for a specific record. The information is displayed in various sections. The first section contains general information on the record. The following sections contain additional information that generally refers to other record in PathoPlant® or in external data resources. Records listed in Lower or Higher Hierarchy display entries related to the actual one that are more specific or more general, respectively.
The detailed information pages can be reached by clicking on the Acc. No. in a results list or by a direct link from another detailed information page. Alternatively, if the Acc. No. of the record is known, the respective page is retrievable directly by record of the complete Acc. No. in the Search by Accession Number field accessible through the left-hand Search main menu.
Microarray expression data
Gene expression data from Arabidopsis thaliana microarray experiments are incorporated in PathoPlant®. Normalized (print-tip-group lowess method) expression data from experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana upon pathogen infection or elicitor treatment are searchable. Two modes of search are available. A list of genes can be submitted to obtain expression data on these genes for all stimuli annotated in PathoPlant®. This search can be restricted to certain induction factors. Alternatively, up to 3 different stimuli can be submitted for a search for genes regulated by these stimuli. Stimuli can be combined to find only genes that match all stimuli (AND operator) or for displaying all genes that match at least one of the stimuli (OR operator). This search can also be restricted to certain induction factors. Besides the induction factors given for a single experiment, mean induction factors were determined that cover results from replicate experiments. In order to validate mean and single induction factors, the number of replicates (n) and base-10 logarithm of standard deviation are given. The result list can be resorted by Locus, Description, Stimulus, Factor, and Mean factor by clicking on the respective column header. A list of genes obtained by a expression search can directly be submitted to the Search by locus/gene ID form in PathoPlant®. Additionally, the gene list can be transferred to AthaMap for a transcription factor binding site analysis.
Printing
Each page contains a link to display the page in a printer-friendly version without the left and upper frames. The normal display is restored by using the Back button of the Browser or by clicking on any link on the page. A long results list may be adapted by reducing the number of results displayed per page.
Saving a query result
A search result can easily be saved by creation of a bookmark with the Browser's Bookmark function. Alternatively, the URL displayed by the Browser can be copied and saved separately. To resume a query result, the saved URL has to be pasted into the Browser's URL field.